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Resumen del producto

Ruelas-Inzunza, J., B., Gil-Manrique, M.M., Meza-Montenegro, S., Ortega-García, L., García-Rico, P., Spanopoulos-Zarco, N., Zamora-Arellano & B., Vega-Sánchez (2025). Arsenic, cadmium, copper and zinc in two marlin species from the southern Gulf of California: Risk assessment and variations with environmental factors. Regional Studies in Marine Science. 89: 104301. DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2025.104301.

Arsenic, cadmium, copper and zinc in two marlin species from the southern Gulf of California: Risk assessment and variations with environmental factors

Jorge Ruelas-Inzunza 1, Brigitte Gil-Manrique 1, María Mercedes Meza-Montenegro 2, Sofía Ortega-García 3, Leticia García-Rico 4, Pamela Spanopoulos-Zarco 1, Nydia Zamora-Arellano 5 y Brisa Vega-Sánchez 1

1 Instituto Tecnológico de Mazatlán
2 Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora
3 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas
4 Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo
5 Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa
This study assesses the health risks of As, Cd, Cu, and Zn in 109 specimens of Makaira nigricans and 461 specimensof Kajikia audax from the Gulf of California between 2007 and 2015. Analysis were made by inductivelycoupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). Anomalies of SST and Chl-a were obtained fromcomposite satellite images. The ONI values were obtained from the NOAA. Multivariate methods using Euclideandistances were used to analyze the relationship of elemental concentrations with species variables and environmentalfactors using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering.Average median concentrations (µg g-1 wet weight) in M. nigricans were Zn (6.480) > As (0.405) > Cu (0.316) >Cd (0.044), and in K. audax Zn (7.228) > As (1.445) > Cu (0.355) > Cd (0.099). As concentrations peaked in2012 (M. nigricans) and 2013 (K. audax), while Cd levels declined in 2014–2015 (K. audax). In M. nigricans, Cuconcentrations were significantly lower in 2014 while in K. audax Cu levels were significantly lower in 2014.With respect to Zn, concentrations of K. audax were significantly higher in 2012 and 2013. Total hazard quotients(HQ) values were below risk thresholds. In M. nigricans Zn increased significantly with Cu, As and Cd andCu with As and Cd. In K. audax Cu increased with As and Cd, Zn increased with Cu and As with Cd. Elementalconcentrations varied with Chl-a; Cd levels increased in M. nigricans, while Cu and As levels increased inK. audax. In M. nigricans Cu increased with LJFL and total weight. In K. audax, As, Cd and Zn increased with LJFLand total weight. Correlations were confirmed by PCA. Cluster and SIMPROF analysis revealed that Cd, Cu andZn had similar patterns in both species; however, As was significantly higher in the striped marlin.

Palabras clave: Essential elements; Nonessential elements; billfish; Eastern Pacific; Mexico; Health risk

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