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López-Vargas, E.R., D., Hidalgo-Martínez, E., Becerra-Martínez, L.G., Zepeda-Vallejo, C.J., Hernández-Guerrero, A.D., Hernández-Fuentes, G., Cadenas-Pliego & M., Pérez-Álvarez (2025). NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach to Study Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings Through Leaf Application of Nanofertilizers and Biofertilizers. International Journal of Molecular Science. 26: 4844. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104844.

NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach to Study Growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings Through Leaf Application of Nanofertilizers and Biofertilizers

Elsy Rubisela López-Vargas 1, Diego Hidalgo-Martínez 2, Elvia Becerra-Martínez 3, L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo 4, Claudia Judith Hernández-Guerrero 5, Alma Delia Hernández-Fuentes 1, Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego 6 y Marissa Pérez-Álvarez 7

1 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Tulancingo
2 Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona
3 Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
4 Department of Organic Chemistry, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute,
5 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas
6 Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanomaterials
7 Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanomaterials,

This study investigated the effects of two nanofertilizers (NFs): copper nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised using cotton (CuC) and chitosan (CuCh) as well as two biofertilizers (BFs), nopal extract (NE) and commercial Biojal® worm humus (WH), on the growth of black bean seedlings. The treatments consisted of applying 50 mg L-1 of CuC, 50 mg L-1 of CuCh, 50 mg L-1 of NE, 100 mg L-1 of WH, their respective combinations, and an absolute control that consisted of distilled water. The CuC, CuCh, WH, and WH + CuC leaf applications resulted in an increase in plant height by 34.4%, 19.5%, 25.7%, and 20.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the CuC and WH applications led to an increase in the number of leaves by 53.2% and 36.9%, respectively. However, the addition of NE + CuC resulted in a 37.4% decrease in dry weight. A total of 44 metabolites were identified, including 7 sugars, 17 amino acids, 12 organic acids, 4 nucleosides, 1 alcohol, and 3 miscellaneous metabolites. The NE + CuC and WH treatments resulted in a notably higher concentration of various metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. Conversely, the CuCh treatment led to an increased concentration of nucleosides, amino acids, trigonelline, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).

Palabras clave: nanofertilizers; biofertilizers; black beans; metabolomics; nuclearmagnetic resonance

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