Arreguín Sánchez, F. (2022). Ecosystem Trophic Structure and Dynamics: Basic Concepts. Springer Cham (Ed.), Holistic Approach to Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management. Linking Biological Hierarchyes for Sustainable Fishing. Cap. 3, pp.31-46. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96847-2_3.
Francisco Arreguín Sánchez 1
The theoretical bases of the dynamics of ecosystems represented by energy flows in trophic networks are presented. The concepts developed by Ulanowicz (Growth and development: Ecosystems phenomenology. Springer, 1986) on Ascendency, which represents the conditioned flows that define the ecosystem organization and the overhead, which represents entropy, both related to the food web, and the sum of them as the development capacity. From these concepts, several indicators are mentioned which describe attributes of the network. Relevant aspects of the topology of the system that are key to identifying network properties or the role of species in the ecosystem are also mentioned. Under the consideration of the ecosystem as a natural entity, aspects of its metabolism are described, represented by the regularity of the allometric scaling indicator based on the balance between supply and demand (SDB) of energy to sustain the food web. An example of the SDB is shown using as example the ecosystem of the central Gulf of California where changes in the ecosystem metabolism related with the increase in fishing intensity is shown. Finally, the performance of populations as independent natural entities is reviewed regarding their individual role in the ecosystem, showing how species contribute to ecosystem organization.
Palabras clave: Ecosystem trophic structure; ecosystem dynamics; Flows of energy; Ascendency; Overhead; Ecosystem development capacity; Entropy; Trophic network; Ecosystem organization; Supply-demand balance; Trophic role; Topological indicators; Holistic indicators
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