Encinas-Yanez, M., C.J., Band Schmidt, T., Zenteno Savín, I., Leyva Valencia, E., Palacios Mechetnov & L., Fernández Herrera (2023). Free fatty acids and reactive oxygen species as potential allelopathic substances affecting Gymnodinium catenatum (Gymnodiniales: Gymnodiniaceae). 20th International Conference on Harmful Algae. Hiroshima, Japón, noviembre 5 - 10, 2023, 22.
Martín Encinas-Yanez 1, Christine Johanna Band Schmidt 1, Tania Zenteno Savín 2, Ignacio Leyva Valencia 3, Elena Palacios Mechetnov 2 y Leyberth Fernández Herrera 2
Allelopathy refers to a biochemical interaction among competingmicroalgae in which donor species producespecialized metabolites that can cause inhibitory effects on the growth of susceptiblespecies. This phenomenon can participate in the regulation of harmful algalblooms. The dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum is negatively affectedby allelopathic interactions with the raphidophyte Chattonella marinavar. marina. This study explored the effect of free fatty acids (FFA)and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be produced by C.marina and were previously suggested as potential allelochemicals affectingG. catenatum. An analysis of C. marina detected 16:0 (12.5± 0.01%), 18:4?-3 (15.4 ± 0.37%) and 20:5?-3 (35.4 ± 0.70%) as the most abundant fatty acids during theexponential phase. These fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used individually in dose-response bioassayswith cultures of G. catenatum in exponential phase. Results show thatthese metabolites affect chain-forming qualities and morphology, including lossof motility and signs of chlorosis in G. catenatum. The fastestmortality upon fatty acid exposure was observed with the polyunsaturated fattyacid 18:4?-3 (LD50 = 1.7 ± 0.19mg L-1 at 24 h). Exposure to H2O2 causedmortality mainly after 12 h (LD50 = 112.8 ± 7.51 µM). In addition,FFA and H2O2 increased superoxide dismutase (anantioxidant) activity in G. catenatum. These results suggest that FFAand ROS are, at least partially, involved in allelopathic interactionsaffecting G. catenatum and contribute to elucidate their potential roleas allelochemicals in marine environments.
Palabras clave: dinoflagellates; allelochemicals; Gymnodinium catenatum
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