Resumen del producto

In Latin America (LA) approximately 1,410 people have been reported to be intoxicated (94 fatalities) by paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) from 1970 to 2016. A total of 350 cases have corresponded to the consumption of seafood associated with blooms caused by Alexandrium spp in South America. Chile is the country most affected by this genus. HABs of G. catenatum resulted in 241 cases of PSP (14 fatalities) in Mexican and Venezuelan coasts. During HABs of this dinoflagellate massive mortalities of fish, larvae and adults of shrimp cultivation have also been described (affecting the shrimp industry in the Northwest of Mexico) as well as epizootic diseases with mass mortalities of birds and marine mammals in the Upper Gulf of California. In the Gulf of California this dinoflagellate has caused continuing sanitary closure by contamination with PSP toxins in shellfish, affecting their commercialization. PSP cases produced by P. bahamense have affected several countries in LA, notably the southerrn part of the Mexican Pacific, followed by Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Costa Rica. This species have generated the greatest number of intoxicated cases by PSP (819) in all of LA. They have also caused massive mortalities of fish and sea turtles. Other negative impacts by the presence of PSP toxins is the huge economic costs associated with additional expenditures in the fishery and aquaculture sector because of sanitary closure, periodic or permanent establishment, closed areas, confiscation, destruction of products and monitoring of dinoflagellates and their toxins to ensure food safety.

Palabras clave: Paralytic shellfish poisoning; Blooms; contamination

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